Its artists produced woodblock prints and paintings of subjects including female beauties kabuki actors and sumo wrestlers scenes from history and folk tales travel scenes and landscapes Japanese flora and fauna and erotica. Ukiyo-e is a Japanese printmaking technique which flourished in the 17th through 19th centuries. Main articles: Ukiyo-e and woodblock printing in Japan Plate used to print ukiyo-e This woodblock print has influenced several notable artists and musicians, including Vincent van Gogh, Claude Debussy, Claude Monet and Utagawa Hiroshige. The Great Wave off Kanagawa has been described as "possibly the most reproduced image in the history of all art", as well as being a contender for the "most famous artwork in Japanese history". Several museums throughout the world hold copies of The Great Wave, many of which came from 19th-century private collections of Japanese prints. The composition of The Great Wave is a synthesis of traditional Japanese prints and use of graphical perspective developed in Europe, and earned him immediate success in Japan and later in Europe, where Hokusai's art inspired works by the Impressionists. The print is Hokusai's best-known work and the first in his series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji, in which the use of Prussian blue revolutionized Japanese prints. The print depicts three boats moving through a storm-tossed sea, with a large wave forming a spiral in the centre and Mount Fuji visible in the background. 'Under the Wave off Kanagawa') is a woodblock print by Japanese ukiyo-e artist Hokusai, created in late 1831 during the Edo period of Japanese history. Since the ocean is so vast, there is plenty for future oceanographers from all corners of the globe to explore and discover.The Great Wave off Kanagawa ( Japanese: 神奈川沖浪裏, Hepburn: Kanagawa-oki Nami Ura, lit. His long-range goal is to design robots that can explore the depths that are difficult for humans to reach. He is a biorobotics expert who is developing an undersea exploration vehicle that uses “legged locomotion,” inspired by the way an octopus moves under water. Learning more about the seafloor and the rest of the ocean is the passion of National Geographic Explorer Marcello Calisti. Currently, scientists know of around 226,000 ocean species. It could be that more than 90 percent of the ocean’s species are still undiscovered, with some scientists estimating that there are anywhere between a few hundred thousand and a few million more to be discovered. Still, there may be many positive surprises awaiting oceanographers in the years ahead. With many marine ecosystems suffering from rising sea temperatures, pollution, and other problems, some oceanographers believe the number of species is dropping. It is unknown how many different species call the ocean their home. The average depth of the entire ocean is 3,720 meters (12,200 feet). On the other hand, the Atlantic Ocean is relatively shallow because large parts of its seafloor are made up of continental shelves-parts of the continents that extend far out into the ocean. The peak of the world’s tallest mountain-Mount Everest in the Himalaya, measuring 8.84 kilometers (5.49 miles) high-would not even break the surface of the water if it was placed in the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench or Philippine Trench, two of the deepest parts of the ocean. For example, we know that the ocean contains towering mountain ranges and deep canyons, known as trenches, just like those on land. A far greater percentage of the surfaces of the moon and the planet Mars has been mapped and studied than of our own ocean floor.Īlthough there is much more to learn, oceanographers have already made some amazing discoveries. More than 80 percent of the ocean has never been mapped, explored, or even seen by humans. Despite its size and impact on the lives of every organism on Earth, the ocean remains a mystery. Because of this, the ocean has considerable impact on weather, temperature, and the food supply of humans and other organisms. Beginning in the 20th century, some oceanographers labeled the seas around Antarctica the Southern Ocean, and in 2021 National Geographic officially recognized this fifth ocean.Īn estimated 97 percent of the world’s water is found in the ocean. The planet has one global ocean, though oceanographers and the countries of the world have traditionally divided it into four distinct regions: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic oceans. The ocean is a huge body of saltwater that covers about 71 percent of Earth’s surface.
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